Deregulation Act of 1978 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deregulation Act of 1978 - Essay Example The Airline Deregulation Act’s intention was to stop government control over airline industry policies. The control was majorly over routes, fares, and market entry of new airlines from commercial aviation. The government approved this Act on 24th October, 1978 and President Jimmy Carter signed it into law four days later (Kaps, 1997). Before the Act, the industry was more of a public utility with a government agency. The CAB; Civil Aeronautics Board determined the routes taken by each airline and the prices they charged their passengers. This has changed ever since after the incorporation of the Act which has seen the market shift to a market –driven industry. The customer demand determined the level of service and price charge. The deregulation Act came by after several flaws in the airline industry. One of them was the Middle Eastern oil case; this led to a rise in price of fuel costs. This shoot up in fuel cost led to price inflation. Another flaw was the development of the wide body aircraft that allowed for carriage of increased capacity to different and many routes with one flight. These two cases came when there was an economic fall that led to a strain on the airlines. This fall led to failure in the airline businesses, and rising fuel prices did not aid the situation at all. The Civil Aeronautics Board in response to this situation and trying to ensure reasonable return for the airlines allowed the different carriers to increase fares. It also embarked on a four year suspension by the carriers on authorizing new services and approved agreements among the airlines to limit the carriage capacity on specific routes. The public did not welcome this move with open arms the fares had increased. The airlines also did not see much change on the Civil Aeronautics Board last decision as through the 1970’s their earnings were poor despite the

The Principles of Cultural Capitalism and the End of Ideology Essay Example for Free

The Principles of Cultural Capitalism and the End of Ideology Essay Cultural Capitalism is capitalism that assesses the advancements not in the quantity of innovations, but in the socio-cultural benefits that the civil society acquires from it, it does not only promote the culture but it also builds on the old and new myths of culture. It plays a role in the coming of a new kind of society which is called the â€Å"post-industrial society†. In Daniel Bell’s (1962) definition of this society which is post-industrial, the focus here will be services, not manufacturing and it must be a society led by information, and because it is the case what will be centralized are industries that bases on science. New technical elites will take its rise and also a new principle of formation of classes will begin. It is also discussed that this kind of society will be of domination and the replacement of the system of the industrialized society. Also in Bell’s view the â€Å"end of ideology† is understood as a point wherein the idea of history and ideology is or will be viewed as unimportant for the reason that capitalism and western democratic politics have already dominated. But the end of ideology should not mean that utopia will also end along with it. Because ideology greatly makes things very simple that it turns out that people will not anymore feel the need to encounter their own difficulties by their own efforts, they will simply consult to the ideologies to solve the confusions for them. These principles when spread by the destructive intensity of belief, ideas will also result to be apocalyptic. And on the other hand utopia tells where one wants to be, how to reach it, and gives justification on who should be paid. It is needed by men now, because men always have need of visualizing their capabilities and a way of combining their knowledge with enthusiasm (Bell, 1962). Reference: Bell, D. (1962). The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties: Free Press.

best friends Essay -- essays research papers

It was a sunny Sunday morning; the spring breeze was evident all around, the kind that says summer in on the way. My best friend called and offered to take me rock climbing up at Indian Hills, I was thrilled but timid. Waiting with anticipation I could hear the sound of his car coming, it was distinct in its own way because the muffler was on its last leg. He arrived in style, no not really. The paint of his car was peeling off and the smell of the exhaust filled the air with a horrible aroma. Every time I got in his car I felt embarrassed, but it was all right because he was the only one who could drive. As we started up the 225 Highway we were following traffic along the twisting, turning road. Suddenly my best friend cursed under his breath. I looked at him surprisingly and asked, "What's wrong?" He started to laugh, took his foot off the accelerator, hit the brakes, and said "Didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t you see that state trooper?" I nodded, "Well we were going 85 up this road," he said. Luckily we were not the only cars on the road. About a mile from the turn off we slowed down to 55 miles an hour. When we pulled off the side of the road, we were both surprised to find that there were no other cars parked there. Normally this turn off was packed with cars, with people climbing in the Indian Hills. Although we were both happy that there was no one else around to interfere, there was a lingering feeling of dread. If something were to go wrong there wouldn't be anybody else around to help. We both got out of the car and decided to go on against our better judgment. The trail up was steep; about two feet wide surrounded, with scrub brush. On the way up I was thinking both about how bad my legs were getting cut from the brush, and about not slipping on the sandy trail. The half-mile long hike was nothing but a warm up for my best friend and I, who are avid backpackers and trail hikers. We reached the top and headed to the intermediate climbs off to the left. My best friend is an experienced rock climber so this was nothing to him. However it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t look too intermediate to me. Mount Everest came to mind! I walked over and stood underneath the rock formations. I felt so little like a two-story building surrounded by skyscrapers. The incredible height was nothing in comparison to the thought of falling onto the jagged rocks that surrounded the ... ...sier way. About half way down the hill we both realized we were lost, it had seemed that we were going in the wrong direction. By this time it was almost pitch dark. Concentrating on ground beneath my feet, it became somewhat of a blur to me. I started crying with out warning. I guess it was a delayed shock that had finally hit me. With great emotion I knew that I had to compose myself before Mark saw me crying. I thought to myself, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Thank god Mark was in the right place at the right time.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? I could have either been seriously injured and even worse dead. As we kept walking we could hear cars in the faint background and see headlights. We headed toward the sound and used the lights for visual guidance. Finally we reached the highway only to realize we were about a  ¼ of a mile from the car. We were lucky it wasn't a longer walk. On the way home, after a long silence mark said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t tell our parents, especiall y your mom, because you know how protective she is.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? From that day on realization washed over me and I decided that it would be better if my feet remain on the ground. I also realized that friends are always there when you need them, especially best friends.

The Richness of Olive Oil Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Richness of Olive Oil When I think of olive oil, a picture suitable for a postcard comes to mind: rows of olive groves, pasta figgoli, Pavarotti singing, and Grandma Garone rubbing olive oil on the heads of my father, Vincenzo, and his brother, Francisco. Their hair would take on the Italian look: dark and sheen, slicked back, reminiscent of John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever. Grandpa Garone owned acres of olive groves in a small village outside of Naples in Southern Italy. Each day, his workers collected the olives and made batches of fresh olive oil. When my grandparents came to America in 1925, they smuggled in as much olive oil as they could carry—12 gallons worth—for fear they would find nothing like it here. Pungent, thick, and drab to emerald green in color, olive oil comes from the fleshy pulp of the fruit of an evergreen tree grown exclusively in temperate climates: Spain, Southern Italy, Greece, and, more recently, California. In 1775, the first California olive trees were planted around the state at the various Spanish missions. Today, California’s olive oil industry constitutes less than 0.5 percent of world production because only 3 percent of the 110,000 tons grown in California is used to make olive oil. The rest is canned and consumed as olives; preserving the olives costs less and is more time efficient than pressing for oil. California has four major varieties of olive: Manzanillo, Mission, Sevillano, and Ascalano. The Mission, named for the Spanish missionaries who introduced it, is most commonly used to make oil because of its high oil content and its â€Å"low pit to flesh ratio.† More than 300 other varieties of olives are grown in California. Sounding like female characters in a Fellini film... ... United States, it is unique, compared to the bread and butter usually served in Italian restaurants. By serving the oil with the bread, Kuleto’s is supposedly emulating Italian culture, at a pretty high price. Would this practice be so popular if olive oil tasted more like Crisco? The distinctive flavor, as well as the romantic and pastoral images conjured up by traditional strong olive oils, make this oil a winner in today’s overflowing market. Even the painter Renoir had something to say about olives: â€Å"Regardez cette lumiere dans les oliviers: Ça brille comme un diamant.† (Look at the light in the olive trees: it is brilliant like a diamond.) It is the oil that makes them shine like diamonds. And it is the bucolic images of the Italian countryside that will draw consumers back again and again to the richness of olive oil, both in flavor and on the body.

Proctor & Gamble

1. In our opinion, we think the answer about product life cycle is not absolutely correct. It is depend on product’s characteristic. 3C product such as eeepc (asus’s product, netbook) have quite short product life cycle; Rolex watch have been established more than 200 years. So if marketers want to extend product life cycle, they have to do more afford on survey to realize consumer behavior and satisfy their really needs and wants. When the product’s sales shows that it is on the decline stage, marketers should find the new desire on consumers and reposition, modify their product or marketing strategy, It is gain brand loyalty and equity to extend brands or products life cycle. Consequently, the â€Å"brand† makes its product life cycle prolong and maintain the product in the market. 2. Before we start to reposition, we must know the environment situation, such as industry, competitive, and consumer analysis. We use five forces analysis to analyze industry, and conclude that the competition is fierce. After that, we analyze competitive situation, through perceptual map we find that Kimberly-Clark is P&G biggest competitor. The price of Huggies is between Pampers and Luvs, and with the same function of Luvs. Consumers were willing to pay more than Pampers to buy Huggies. Form consumer analysis, we find that consumers are sensitive to quality. Because there were many double-income families, consumers are afford to pay high price for diapers. To regain the status of market share, P&G repositioned Pampers as high price brand, and changed some marketing strategies. Pampers has repositioned its products from â€Å"providing the most comfortable diapers† to â€Å"assisting mothers in bringing up children†. Therefore, it has come up with some concepts and ways to meet the purpose of the repositioning, such as the concept of Baby Stage of Development, the use of step-by-step toys, the consultation of experts, and establishment of Pampers parenting network. The concept of Baby Stage of Development is based on the babies various needs at various stages. As a result, P&G provides suitable diapers products for babies, including new babies, babies, toddlers and preschoolers. With the concepts of BSOD, Pampers has further introduced the step-by-step toy system. In the course of playing, the toys function as children friends. Besides changing the products, Pampers also establishes Pampers Parenting Network. On the websites, some experts have written professional articles on how to breed babies, how to help babies grow healthy, and so on. And all these articles are posted on the website as references for parents. Besides, the experts also provide professional responses to the problems parents have in the process of bringing up children. (2) We think that P&G can use the same way to reposition Crest’s brand image to differ from its competitors, and let it have room for progress. For instance, P&G can reposition Crest as a product for healthy and beautiful smile, not just for the purpose of cleaning. In this way, consumers can have better looks and fulfill their mental needs by using the repositioned products. 3. To realize consumers’ needs, P&G has a consumer relationship management system. In the system, there are three key points of customer relationship management. One is to understand consumers’ need deeply, second is to build consumer service center, third is to value consumers’ suggestions. To understand consumer’s need deeply, P&G through depth interviews, focus group, questionnaire survey, visit shop, trace system, e-mail, and telephone to attain this goal. Finally, value consumer’s suggestion is according to consumer’s feedback to improve product continuously. For example, there are colorful designs on the Pampers, because the babies’ clothes are light colors in summer, the picture color can be seen easily. Thus, P&G adopt the mothers’ advice to redesign the color. The above is how P&G to manage their customer relationship. Through the customer relationship management system, we can realize what consumers’ needs are.

One-World Government essays

One-World Government essays A one-world government consists of many elements and may be defined as an all-powerful "beast" that cannot be contained. This government, in theory, would rule over every person and control his or her thoughts and actions. Structurally, there would be the one ultimate power-holder, also known as the Antichrist to many people who believe this one-world government will occur. There are many elements and aspects that make up this theoretical government, and they all tie into one. Elements such as religious theories and perspectives, secret societies, economic globalization, and even the United Nations and its questionable intentions, all connect with each other to form the one-world government. First, religious theories come directly from the Bible and its verses. People believe that what is written in this holy book tells the future and pertains directly to the coming of the Antichrist, and therefore to a one-world government. "These are of one mind, and they will give their power and authority to the beast" (Rev. 17:12, 13). This verse from the Bible refers to the ten kings who are said to receive all power and give it to the Antichrist. This type of religious perspective plays a major role in people's belief in the one-world government. It allows those very people to spread their word about Christ, and they emphasize that everyone must hurry to accept Him so that they will not burn in eternity with the "beast" as their ruler. It is possible for the Bible to pertain to any situation; people seem to love to imagine the worst, and so they believe and spread their word about the one-world government. Second, secret societies push along the spreading of the idea with tremendous force. They focus in on certain aspects of the one-world government and make assumptions and accusations as to why situations arise the way they do. For example, an elitist group called the Illuminati has great power. It control ...

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Essays

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Essays Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Paper Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Paper Essay Topic: Rebuttal Rogerian Toulmin Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Why is it important to get to know the conversation surrounding your topic and your argument in an academic argument? This will enable you to evaluate the points in the conversation and relate them to the main theme and allow you structure your argument in a comprehensive way. Induction is the form of reasoning in which we come to conclusions about the whole based on observations of particular instances. What is the risk of inductive reasoning? Inductive reasoning does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion that the person arrives at in a situation. Therefore, the person’s vague conclusion can lead him or her towards a wrong direction in the particular situation. If you notice that the four items you bought at the campus bookstore are higher-priced than the four items at the bookstore downtown, you may conclude that the campus bookstore is a more expensive place to shop. What kind of reasoning is this? Inductive or deductive? This is inductive reasoning because I will not have based my conclusion on facts of pricing on all other items in the shop but on my assumption after only observing the first purchase. A scientific principle called the† uniformity of nature† assumes that certain conclusions about oak trees growing in the temperate zones of North America will also be true for all oak trees growing under similar climatic conditions elsewhere in the world. What kind of reasoning is this? Inductive or deductive? This is deductive reasoning because the scientific method was employed in determining the principle, which explores genetic facts of the oak trees. Conclusions reached through inductive reasoning are probable because there is no guarantee that they will apply in the same situation in future occurrences. In a syllogism, if one of the series of statements called premises is false, deductive logic tells us that the conclusion must be false because to maintain the validity of the argument because for the argument to be warranted it must make sense. Use deductive reasoning to find the best answer.If there are no dancers that are not slim and no singers that are not dancers, then which statements are always true? The first premise states there are no dancers that are not slim. The second states there are no singers that are not dancers. The best answer is that all singers are slim because from the first premise we deduce that every dancer is slim and the second premise suggests that every singer is a dancer. Use deductive reasoning to choose the best answer.This is data supplied by the cabbage growers union report for 2007: 80% of cabbages collected were heavy (over 0.5 kg), 10% of cabbages were green, 60% were red and 50% were big (having a diameter of over 10 cm). Which of the following statements must be false? a) All red cabbages were not big. b) 30% of the red cabbages were big c) There were no cabbages that were both green and big d) half of the cabbages were small. The false statement is that 30% of the r ed cabbages were big this conclusion does not relate with the premises of red and big cabbages. The percentage is wrong and invalid. Use a 3-part syllogism to answer this. Change the following invalid conclusion to make it valid. You have to be 16 years old to get a driver’s license. Abby will be 16 years old tomorrow. Therefore, Abby can now buy a car. For the conclusion to be valid, it must be true just as the premises. Therefore, in the scenario the first premise is that you have to be 16 years old to get a driver’s license. The second is Abby will be 16 years old tomorrow. The idea of buying a car does not relate to the premises. Thus, the correct conclusion is Abby will get a driver’s license tomorrow. Answer the following in one sentence.A warrant is an underlying value or assumption that often goes unstated in an argument. It is important to be aware of the warrant because the opposing position can object to and argue against the warrant. What is the warr ant in the following claim? The first four years of college education should be provided free to all American citizens who are able. There will be many able Americans in colleges in the first four years of college education since it will be free. Write a paragraph that explains the similarities and differences between the three forms or structures of argument: Classical, Toulmin and Rogerian. Rogerian argumentation entails the pacified rapport between the writer or speaker and audience. It does not involve strict logic or logos but employs the characteristics of pathos and logos where the speaker or writer negotiates with the audience and respect their contrary views. Toulmin argumentation involves practical instances, which justify the developed ideas, and it requires data, claims, warrants, backing, rebuttal and qualifiers for the justification. An argument can be analyzed effectively with Toulmin argumentation. Classical argumentation refers to a rhetoric that captures and hooks the mood of the audience through an introduction, confirmation, concession, refutation and conclusion for effective persuasion. All three are similar in that they work in communicating a unique idea to the audience. Classical and Toulmin argumentation employ logos in terms of facts and data while Rogerian deals with pathos and ethos in terms of empathic listening. Unlike the other types, classical argumentation has an introduction and conclusion.

Where to Place the Possessive Apostrophe in a Surname

Where to Place the Possessive Apostrophe in a Surname Where to Place the Possessive Apostrophe in a Surname Where to Place the Possessive Apostrophe in a Surname By Mark Nichol You see them all the time during rural drives and suburban errands alike, those olde-fashioned wooden shingles mounted on mailboxes or dangling from porches or fastened to walls: â€Å"The Smith’s† and the like- stark reminders that possessives still throw many people for a loop. Rules about possessives can be complicated, but this error is straightforward enough: Take away the apostrophe and the final s, and what do you have? â€Å"The Smith.† That’s obviously not right (unless the resident ostentatiously refers to himself as â€Å"The Smith† or employs hammer, tongs, and anvil to practice her livelihood). Who lives at this house? The Munsters. Whose residence is it, then? â€Å"The Munsters’† - or perhaps â€Å"The Munsters’ house.† (The additional s is pervasive in books and many other media, while its absence is typical in journalism in the old days of mechanical typesetting, that meant one less piece of type to position and other more casual or ephemeral kinds of publications. In the organic medium of wood, the simpler style can easily be forgiven.) And what if the surname already ends with an s? The rule is to append es to the name, so, the plural of Addams is Addamses. The sign should therefore read â€Å"The Addamses,† or â€Å"The Addamses’ house.† This construction is admittedly cumbersome, and there is a way to avoid it without giving a passing copy editor a case of the shingles: Label your abode â€Å"The Addams house† or inform visitors and passersby that â€Å"The Addams family lives here.† This wording is not as folksy, but it still manages a homey touch without adding sibilant syllables or pesky apostrophes. Admittedly, this ubiquitous error is as much the fault of the sign maker as it is that of the person who commissions the sign, but because it’s difficult to make amends by amending an error engraved in wood, you might want to remember, when you approach the artist’s workbench, the rule for the proper position for the possessive apostrophe. (And email the scribe a link to this post.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

White-Nosed Syndrome in Hibernating Bats. Chelsea Essay

White-Nosed Syndrome in Hibernating Bats. Chelsea - Essay Example This is shown by studies of bat species in Europe and America. None of these species is similar. The reasons for lack of the disease in Europe may be because the bats in Europe may be carriers or it may be due to their habitat characteristics where they roost in small clusters or alone. (Kocer, 2012). The confirmation test for White – Nose syndrome is done by taking samples of fungal lesions on the muzzles of bats. UV fluorescence is also used as a screening tool for the presence of the causative agent of WNS. On been undertaken through the process of UV fluorescence, the wings of infected bats fluorescence with a yellow speckling pattern on their wings. False positives are produced by the fluorescence of the muzzle area (Kocer, 2012). There is hope for treatment of WNS. Laboratory tests have shown the causative agent of WNS is susceptible to various axole antifundal drugs. The fungus is also temperature dependant that is the reason why it infects hibernating bats. Optimal functioning temperature for the fungus is 12.5 15.8 0C. Current research is ongoing to slow its progression over long distance by reducing human transmission. A national WNS plan has been set up to tackle the disease (Kocer,

Advance project management(project plan) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advance project management(project plan) - Essay Example port will better inform centre’s stakeholders about the advances the centre is making and will serve as a tool for attracting funding to the organization. In order to achieve set goals and objectives of the project, it is critical to breakdown the workload and tasks, which should be done in order to complete the project. A work breakdown structure is a â€Å"deliverable oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team† (The Project Management Body of Knowledge, cited by Workbreakdownstructure.com, n.d.). Below is presented detailed work breakdown structure, with the details on sub-deliverables of the project. Success of any project depends on the accurate estimation of the activity duration. The project requires estimation of the various requirements of cost, time and resources throughout the project. In order to ensure that the project will be completed on time it is necessary to understand how much time each activity will require (Pcubed, n.d). Below is given the list of activities for this project, along with their estimated completion timeframe in weeks/days. Project initiation part is excluded from this list. Even though the estimation of each activity’s duration provides information of the time it will take to complete the whole project, activity duration estimation is dependent on the other elements of the project, including time and resource estimates (Pcubed, n.d.). This issue will be addressed in the next sections of the report. In order to complete the project there will be involved different stakeholders and people. It is critical to track roles and responsibilities of every team member (Viswanathan, 2014). The project team is comprised of 4 key people, including: project manager, marketing specialist, writer/editor, and staff assistant. This team will perform the main job related to the preparation of content of the Annual report, design, and bidding for subcontractors for designer’s work, printing and

McDonald's corporation financial analysts(Potential risks that could Research Paper

McDonald's corporation financial analysts(Potential risks that could affect McDonald's future performance, and any recommendations you have for McDonald's) - Research Paper Example This has been the key to its success. In addition, the company’s model is to deliver restaurant experiences that are locally relevant to customers (Love 61). The business has been able to establish itself in a number of countries including; Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa, U.S, Canada and Latin America among other parts of the world. It is important to note, by the end of last year (2014) more than 80% of the company had been franchised. The restaurant believes that this will make their customer delivery and service be efficient and in essence increase their profitability. Every company must be able to assess and project its actual and potential losses. These risks can affect the firm’s performance in future. One of the risks is the regulatory changes in the world economies. Most of the world economies have ever changing regulations and judicial systems. These have adversely affected the cost of production as well as the cost of doing business. In most of the developing markets, the regulatory changes have posed the risk of coming up with new and untested judicial systems and laws which end up bringing a lot of undesired results (Love 28). In addition, the regulatory changes might affect the McDonald’s business plan and structures. For example, they might affect the product nutritional content, packaging, marketing, as well as other aspects like labeling. In addition, regulatory changes might affect the company’s pricing system. The prices of the company’s product may become very volatile and this might affect their market. Some of the factors in government policies that might affect the prices include increased tarrif, foreign exchange, legislation and import-export controls among others. To add to this the regulation changes might affect the financial markets, financial institutions and capital flows. This might affect the franchisees as well as the company’s ability to manage an even to deploy its liquidity. Lastly, regulatory changes

Restaurant Business in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Restaurant Business in London - Essay Example Other important applications include informing the details of the restaurant business to the sales personnel, suppliers and others so that they become aware of restaurant business's goals and achievements. Let's look at the essential elements of restaurant business for a computer-centralize system and for the growth of the business with proper technology associated with a group of restaurants. Giraffe restaurants comprise of group of eight restaurants based in London and concentrates more on weeknight business clienteles. Employing proper technological applications for appropriate work solves many problems. Giraffe restaurants use outdated technological applications that create more problems than solutions. Giraffe restaurants use standalone PCs to meet the requirements like billing, checking in and checking out of the customers etc. Using PCs is not the problem; the problem arises due to non-availability of network systems in the five restaurants. They don't have any central reservation systems that can keep them updated about the different activities of the restaurants all the time. Most of the work is done manually at these eight restaurants. All the eight restaurants general managers are answerable to group managing director (MD). The restaurant general mangers prepare a report by extracting the required data from various systems of the restaurants and create management reports using a word processing application. This report is submitted to the group-managing director that would be analysed to make any changes in the daily activities of the restaurants. .Many of the natural habitat development and Restaurant business sites have tried to develop their Restaurant business to luxurious villas and motels. United Kingdome being the leader in developing the Restaurant business can take up the cause more seriously but developing Restaurant business is an important concern for developed countries and what about the underdeveloped countries They merely have enough food for every meal. They have to work every hour and every minute to earn a living. The case is same for most of the African and Asian countries. These countries and literally funds need to be allocated by the government to develop Restaurant business and hence plans can be formulated for Restaurant business. Restaurant business is showing high-end results, impact on the part of economical evolutions on nations mainly on cities and individual person's life standard. Because of the Restaurant business the technologies have exchanged. Restaurant business is having tremendous impact on cities. Cities are transforming into great industrial belts. As the industries grow there will be visible impact on the economy. Job opportunities grow and innumerable colonies are developed. The growth is multifold and the technology exchange migration takes place. Restaurants have a maximum impact on the other business as well. Influence of eating trends generally also depends on the kind of restaurant and how it is done up and the place where the restaurant is located. People of different nations migrate to cities. Different nations of people live in one city, like in United Kingdome representing unity in diversity with so many cultures and traditional values. Different languages are spoken. Municipalities also register an inevitable

Professional resume and cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional resume and cover letter - Essay Example By having such a chance, I would be able to match my profession with my interests, which include serving the needy. During my extra curricular activities, I have established an interest of offering voluntary services to the needy in different health and special care facilities. In the process, I have obtained excellent professional skills that support an all-rounded delivery of services. Some of such personal strengths include interpersonal skills, leadership skills, initiative-taking skills, tolerance, and communication skills. In line with the requirements of a modern nursing professional, I believe that I meet several of what would be needed in my duties if my application were successful. For the above reasons and those contained in my resume, I believe that I am the right candidate for this job. I offer to make positive contributions and cooperation as required of me during the processing of my application. I would like to hear soon from the Corporation regarding the application for clarification. Attached is a section of my resume detailing on documents, certification and

Restaurant Business in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Restaurant Business in London - Essay Example Other important applications include informing the details of the restaurant business to the sales personnel, suppliers and others so that they become aware of restaurant business's goals and achievements. Let's look at the essential elements of restaurant business for a computer-centralize system and for the growth of the business with proper technology associated with a group of restaurants. Giraffe restaurants comprise of group of eight restaurants based in London and concentrates more on weeknight business clienteles. Employing proper technological applications for appropriate work solves many problems. Giraffe restaurants use outdated technological applications that create more problems than solutions. Giraffe restaurants use standalone PCs to meet the requirements like billing, checking in and checking out of the customers etc. Using PCs is not the problem; the problem arises due to non-availability of network systems in the five restaurants. They don't have any central reservation systems that can keep them updated about the different activities of the restaurants all the time. Most of the work is done manually at these eight restaurants. All the eight restaurants general managers are answerable to group managing director (MD). The restaurant general mangers prepare a report by extracting the required data from various systems of the restaurants and create management reports using a word processing application. This report is submitted to the group-managing director that would be analysed to make any changes in the daily activities of the restaurants. .Many of the natural habitat development and Restaurant business sites have tried to develop their Restaurant business to luxurious villas and motels. United Kingdome being the leader in developing the Restaurant business can take up the cause more seriously but developing Restaurant business is an important concern for developed countries and what about the underdeveloped countries They merely have enough food for every meal. They have to work every hour and every minute to earn a living. The case is same for most of the African and Asian countries. These countries and literally funds need to be allocated by the government to develop Restaurant business and hence plans can be formulated for Restaurant business. Restaurant business is showing high-end results, impact on the part of economical evolutions on nations mainly on cities and individual person's life standard. Because of the Restaurant business the technologies have exchanged. Restaurant business is having tremendous impact on cities. Cities are transforming into great industrial belts. As the industries grow there will be visible impact on the economy. Job opportunities grow and innumerable colonies are developed. The growth is multifold and the technology exchange migration takes place. Restaurants have a maximum impact on the other business as well. Influence of eating trends generally also depends on the kind of restaurant and how it is done up and the place where the restaurant is located. People of different nations migrate to cities. Different nations of people live in one city, like in United Kingdome representing unity in diversity with so many cultures and traditional values. Different languages are spoken. Municipalities also register an inevitable

Business entities were identified and their relationships were Essay

Business entities were identified and their relationships were represented in a Business Model - Essay Example Established companies are looking for new and more innovative ways to conduct their business to compete against the rising competition and to keep off unwanted insurgents. And on the other hand this business era which can be termed as the "entrepreneur era", entrepreneurs are looking and finding ways to create new and innovative business models to carve out a niche of their own in the market. This paper concentrates on the development of a business model for a company specialising in internet marketing business. By means of the company and the development of its business model the paper offers a comprehensive study on the significance of a business model and the different integral requirements needed by a company to sketch its business model. The main objective of this assignment being the selection of a business and creating a business model for it, the business of internet marketing was chosen. And so as to give the company more substance and originality, the company was given a fictional name, ResearchArchive. This particular name was chosen for the company as it, in more ways than some gives a prompt first impression idea of what the company and its business is about. The main business idea or the business concept behind this business venture is providing academic research materials to prospective customers. ResearchArchive is a business enterprise that specialises in providing E-books and journals via interactive marketing. The company offers relevant web based books and journals that are needed for writing academic research papers such as term papers, dissertation papers, thesis papers etc. For the short term the company seeks to be the leading provider of E-books and E-journals and documents for students based in UK, US, Australia and New Zealand. On the long term, the company aims to be the most innovative and prolific providers of web based academic research materials catering to students all over the globe. Marketing Objectives and Strategies Marketing objectives are those objectives that define what behavior an organisation wants from the target markets, they comprise the measureable ends that need to be achieved (Hiebing R.G. & Cooper S.W., 2003). ResearchArchive being a web based academic research material for international students, the main marketing objectives of the company are: To identify, reach out and communicate with the maximum number of prospective customers on a world-wide scale. Relay the benefits and advantages of the company's business offerings to the target market. Provision of products and services as in academic research materials that meets the requirements of the customers. Develop a long-term and a profitable relationship with the customers. Carve out a space for itself in the market and create a sustainable competitive advantage. In order to successfully achieve these

Doing Business in Japan Essay Example for Free

Doing Business in Japan Essay As a result of learning about the geography, climate, history, religion, cultural rituals, politics, education system, and the role of the family; it will allow a business or business person the insight needed to understand how society functions and the method in which business is conducted. Geography Climate Japan is an island nation that is located across the Japanese Sea. Japan consists of the islands of Hokkaiodo, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu (Yamada Kurashige, 2003). The landscape of Japan is seventy-one percent mountainous (Population Demographics, 2007). Japan is a small country that is situated in the northern temperate zone. Japan experiences the four seasons similar to that of North America. Japan experiences typhoons which are a lot stronger than their sister hurricanes in the Atlantic (Yamada Kurashige, 2003). Religion Over eighty-four percent of the people in Japan observe Buddhism, Shinto or a combination of both. Confucianism from China added loyalty and hierarchy to the mix, and Taoism gave order and sanction to the system of government. The introduction of Buddhism brought contemplative religious aspects and helped to develop their culture of art and architecture. With the addition of Christianity, western ideas most importantly social justice and reform were infused into society (Long, 1994). Religion is not a large part of the Japanese society, but people will usually practice such holidays as birthdays, weddings and funerals (Japan, 2007). Recent History Japan went through major change during the World War II, when most of their cities and infrastructure was damaged or destroyed. After the war, they drafted a new constitution and the population of Japan began rebuilding the country. In only a few decades, Japan become the second largest economy in the world. In the 1990s, Japan suffered and economic down turn because of scandals and over-investment. The Asian economic crisis of 1998 caused Japan to experience its worst recession since World War II (Japan: History, 2007). From 2003 onward the economy has been improving, even surpassing at one point, that of the United States and E. U. (Economy of Japan, 2007). Current Issues in Japan Political Issues All foreigners entering the country are to be fingerprinted and photographed in a recent effort to fight terrorism. Also, airlines and ships must provide passenger lists before arriving in the country. Some may be very reluctant to have their photograph and fingerprints taken. Passenger lists may be time consuming and costly for cruise lines or freight vessels that wish to enter the country. There is pressure from the United States, for Japan to resume refueling of foreign vessels in the Indian Ocean, however there is much opposition within the Japanese government. This opposition may lead to tension between Japan and the United States. This could lead to some negative consequences for United States-Japan trade. (Chief, 2007). The Japanese government has sent a senior foreign minister to Iran to inquire about the kidnapping of Satoshi Nakamura, a Japanese student, more than a month ago. The Iranian Government is ignoring Japan, forcing the Japanese minister to Pakistan to ask for help in this matter (Official release, 2007). This will only negatively affect Iranian-Japanese relations. Social Issues Twenty percent of Japans population is age sixty or older. At the same time, the country has had a declining birthrate for a few decades. The population of Japan peaked in 2004 and started to decrease afterwards. The reasoning given is that that more women are working and they do not see it necessary to have children. (Japan fertility, 2005). One blogger notes that women may be insecure about having children (Coco, 2006). The shortage of labour will force more older men to stay in the work force as well as force more women into the business world. Economic Issues Japans declining birthrate is a major concern for the Japanese economy. The country needs to maintain a healthy population to keep its economy strong; this is proving very difficult (Atsumi, 2007). One foreseen problem of the low fertility rate is that the already suffering social pension fund could be crippled further (Japan fertility, 2005). The Tax Commission has found that taxes must be raised in order the finance the growing social welfare costs. People in Japan are purchasing portable technology, and the Japanese market is showing a sharp decline in purchase of home computers. With the high costs of home computers and the advances in technology could mean a shift in how people use and access the internet. The companies that produce home computers are now shifting their focus to the developing world (PCs, 2007). Social Organization Family Japanese families moved away from their traditional family structures after World War II when the occupying American forces created a new, Western, family ideology. The father still remains the head of most traditional families in Japan, but there are shifts in how a Japanese family is organized. Women, who would have remained at home to manage the household affairs, are now obtaining employment outside of the household. Since more Japanese women are entering the workforce, the men are being required to take on more of the household and child raising responsibilities (Long, 1994). Another change that has occurred in Japanese society is the idea of the multi-generation family living together. Although common at one time, many elderly people are not living with their families anymore (Family, 2007). Roles of Men and Women Japan was traditional a male centered society. However, shortly after World War II women were legally given equal rights as men. A great change came when women started to work outside the household. Companies in Japan were, and still are, desperate for skilled workers, and with participation of women in the workforce, it helped companies fill their need for workers (Matsui, 2007). Workplace In the workplace, as in other areas of the Japanese collectivist culture, they view themselves as part of a group. Workers are expected to show the utmost loyalty to the firms they work for. Leadership in Japan is not based on a Western values of assertiveness or quick decision making. A good leader in Japan is expected to take the interests of his subordinates into account and create consensus among the group. Seniority within a group is determined by age and length of service, rather than by individual effort and initiative (Genezberger et al. , 1996). Their system of group management rewards the team effort and rarely the individual. Often accomplishments are credited to the entire group and not the individual. Individuals are motivated to participate in group activities and maintain harmony. The pride of the individual or the group is expressed through competition with similar groups in the company or other companies (Long, 1994). Proper Etiquette for Doing Business in Japan Perception of Westerners The Japanese have some common preconceived notions about Westerners. Japanese see Westerners as lacking patience, often interrupting, and being bad listeners. They often see Westerners as being unable to work in teams. They may seeWestern expressions of friendship as insincere. Japanese may sometimes perceive Westerners as being selfish. Business Etiquette Protocol In Japanese culture personal space is highly respected, they are not a tactile people, and they dislike being crowded. In Japanese culture they try to avoid direct eye contact with other individuals. When yawning, coughing, or using a toothpick, they cover their mouths. The pointing of feet at another person is considered to be rude, and is therefore important to sit with correct posture. Criticizing and disrespecting authority openly, and being impatient are seen as disrespectful. In business, the personal relationships are far more important than the business itself. In order to do business with a company in Japan formal introductions, patience, flexibility, and respect are vital. Business cards are very important in Japanese business culture, and business people often carry many business cards. When meeting a business contact for the first time it is important to bow, or shake hands, then exchange business cards. When presenting or receiving a business card one is expected to use both hands and put it in a pocket, above the waist, after carefully reading it. For foreigners, it is common practice to have a Japanese translation on the back of the card (Genezberger et al. , 1996). Men and women are expected to wear are dark and expensive suits. Business women are encouraged to wear conservatively. Business meetings must be scheduled far in advanced. Before the meeting, Westerners should mail or fax a detailed list outlining what is to be discussed. One must establish relationships with middle and junior level managers or they may resent the person for having bypassed them and feel they have been insulted. When visiting a Japanese company it is customary to remove ones jacket immediately upon entering and putting it back on as soon as one leave. The leader of the group should introduce each of the group members in descending order of rank. Visitors are to exchange business first with the Japanese executives and then with subordinates in descending order. In the Japanese culture there is an expectation of receiving a gift at the first meeting. The presentation of the gift can be as or more important that the actual gift itself. Gifts must be given with both hands, and are often rejected a few times before they are accepted. Gifts are not opened when they are received. Certain flowers or potted plants do not make suitable gifts because of the meaning the Japanese associate with them. It is recommended to inform that one informs they are giving a gift beforehand (Roberts. 2007). Socializing ; Eating Japanese extend their affinity to their groups by socializing outside of work (Long, 1996). Japanese men and women are considered heavy drinkers. Incorrect behaviour while drunk is often forgiven. In Japan it is not expected for one to leave a tip for their servers. In restaurants, where sitting on the group is required, is common practice for men to sit cross-legged and women to sit on their legs or with their legs off to one side. Communication High context High context and low context are two terms used to describe broad differences between cultures. High context cultures are those where the main aspects of the culture are vague and not explicit. Generally collective cultures tend to be high-context, where much of what is being said is non-verbal, and the level of understanding depends on your relationship with the other party. Japan is a prime example of a high context culture (Beer, 2003). â€Å"Face† Saving face means preserving your or someone else’s dignity, self-respect, or good reputation. In cultures that are high-context â€Å"face† is a major characteristic. There are many ways that a person might cause the other individual to lose face. Derogatory remarks, reveling of personal inadequacy, or being forced to compromise a cherished value are ways in which â€Å"face† is broken (Face, 2007). Avoiding a loss of â€Å"face† generally means never saying â€Å"no,† and being politely evasive when conveying disagreement (Face, 2007). Greetings When conducting business in Japan, it is very important to know the proper amount of respect owed to individuals. Japan has a very formal and ritualized culture. Bowing is the Japanese custom greeting. How far you bow depends on your relationship with the other individual (Genezberger ; et al. , 1996). If you were to be greeted for the first time in Japan, it is recommended that one waits to be introduced, since it can be seen as being rude to introduce oneself. Foreigners may be only expected to bow their head slightly or shake hands (Doing Business, 2007). Practical Considerations Immigration In an effort to counter terrorism, all foreigners will be finger printed and photographed when entering the country. Japan has an agreement with some countries where only passports are required to enter. Foreigner tourists are required to carry their passports at all times. A visa required if one plans on extending their stay over 90 days. It usually takes about two days to a week to obtain a Visa, depending on the situation at the embassy you are applying. A single visa costs 3000 yen to obtain. Certain countries have exemptions from paying fees. (A Guide, 2007). Travel When traveling in Japan it is recommended that one does not travel long distances, because of cost. However, traveling long distance one can travel by train, highway bus, airplane, or long distances ferries. Renting a car is another possibility for travel. Accommodations For single travelers the prices of hotel rooms will vary depending on the traveler’s budget. The price range for inexpensive business hotels would cost between 3,500 and 7,000 yen per day. For more expensive business hotels, or Western style hotels the prices can be from 7,000 yen and above. Adaptation and Survival Public washrooms rarely have toilet paper, so one should bring their own. It is important to ask for a toi, short for toilet, not a bathroom, otherwise one may be directed to a room for bathing. When traveling, it is polite to store your backpack or luggage out of the way of other travelers (Haslam, 2002). Heath ; Emergencies All households are required to have a survival kit in case of an earthquake. Japan Travel, 2007). English speaking hospitals and services may not be covered by Japanese national health insurance, and could end up costing visitors money (Rogers, 1994). Conclusion Japan is a very collectivist culture and it very apparently in everyday business dealings. To a Western business person business protocol and etiquette may seem very unusual. It is im portant to understand that their traditions and customs are deeply rooted in their history. However, Japanese people view Western business practices just as unusual, but they are very accommodating to foreign business people. References

Cell Migration And Cell Cytoskeleton Biology Essay

Cell Migration And Cell Cytoskeleton Biology Essay The cytoskeleton of a cell plays a vital role in controlling the movements of the cell. 3 types of fibres form this structure; microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Microtubules are large hollow fibres, microfilaments are the smallest at only 6nm in diameter (1) and intermediate filaments are in between. Microtubules are formed from the subunits ÃŽ ± tubulin and ÃŽ ² tubulin, which form dimers. Each tubulin dimer contains 1 ÃŽ ± tubulin subunit and 1 ÃŽ ² tubulin subunit. These then polymerise to form long protofilaments, which join together into sheets. Once a sheet of 13 protofilaments has been formed, they then fold over to produce a hollow microtubule, which continues to elongate from the +ve end where only ÃŽ ² tubulin subunits are showing. Microfilaments are made of a protein subunit called actin. There are two types; G actin and F actin. G actin is turned in to F actin by the hydrolysis of ATP, forming a fibrous filament. The actin filament continues to elongate from the -ve barbed end. There are several types of Intermediate filaments, each made of different proteins depending on the function of the cell in which they are contained. Type I Keratins acidic and Type II Keratins basic are found in epithelial cells and in the hair and nails. Nuclear lamins are found in the nuclear lamina and type III vimentin/desmin/peripherin are found in muscle cells, some neurones and stem cells (2). The monomers form dimers by coiling. Tetramers are then formed from dimers arranged in staggered formation with opposite domains together. These then arrange together forming strong coiled filaments. Many cells move by crawling over surfaces (3). Of the three fibrous structures, explained previously that make up a cell, the microfilaments play the largest part in the movement and migration of a cell. This means that actin is the vital component for cell movement. A fibroblast crawls by a leading protrusion, called a lamellipodium, which is where most of the cells actin is located. The actin is extremely flexible due its twisted, linked structure. The filaments clump / bundle together near the cell membrane, particularly at the protrusions such as the microvilli in an intestine lining epithelial cell. The actin penetrates in to the cytoplasm, where they become cross linked in to a three dimensional meshwork, governing the shape and mechanical properties of the plasma membrane and the cell surface. (4) . This means that the actin provides structural support, as well as movement potential for the cell. Filopodia are very similar to lamellipodia. They also protrude out from the mai n body of the cells like lamellipodia, and act like fingers for the cell to feel the environment around it and also to aid the detection of where the cell is supposed to migrate to. Filopodia have almost the exact same structure as lemellipodia, however have smaller protrusions and therefore contain less actin. They are about 0.1 Â µm wide and between 5 10 Â µm long, and each contains a loose bundle of 10 20 actin filaments, orientated with their positive ends pointing outward'(5), exactly like the orientation of the actin filaments in lamellipodia. However, filopodia are present around the whole circumference of the cell, not just protruding from the lamellipodium, which creates an even larger surface area for the cell to detect its surroundings. The protrusions grow by the growth of the actin filaments, where dimers are added to the positive terminals of the filaments. Although dimers are removed from both terminals, particularly the negative end, this is outweighed by the mor e rapid addition of actin at the positive end. The growth is a very quick process, which therefore allows the cells to move around the body at a fairly fast pace. Once the lamellipodium is protruded from the main structural shape of the cell, the newly produced bottom section of the cell then adheres to the surface it is moving along, hence pulling the rest of the cell along with it. At the same time, contraction occurs at the rear of the cell, then draws the body of the cell forward, in the direction the lamellipodium is protruding, in a process called traction. (6) Cell migration is extremely important to an organisms survival. It is essential for the movement of cells in the immune system, an example of which is a macrophage, which finds destructive cells and eats them. This is because it is vital for cells to be able to travel to the site of an infection in order to fight it and clear it up or to communicate with other cells, to let them know that there is a problem, which they can then sort out. Cells that can do this are called fibroblasts, which migrate through connective tissue, remodelling them where necessary and helping to rebuild damaged structures. (7). If this was not possible, the organism would be in serious trouble and could die or be badly damaged by very superficial wounds and mild diseases which are overlooked as non-serious in humans due to cells being able to migrate. The cell migration mechanism is vital to a macrophage, as its job is to move around the body, detecting and destroying harmful cells. If movement was not possi ble, the macrophage would only be able to detect destructive cells that were situated in the immediate vicinity, which means to successfully remove all harmful pathogens would be impossible. This would mean the organism would have very little protection against disease. Cells are also able to migrate by means other than by lamellipodium protrusions. Cilia are one example, as well as a male humans sperm, which moves by a tail like structure called a flagellum. The sperm is able to beat the flagellum, which is designed to move the entire cell, and instead of generating a current, they propagate regular waves along their length that propel and drive the cell through liquid (8). Unlike most other migrating cells in the human body as described above, the main component for movement in flagella is tubulin. Microtubules span the whole length of the flagellum in an axoneme, which contains two central microtubules that are surrounded by an outer ring of nine pairs of microtubules. (9). The movement is enabled by molecules of ciliary dyenin that form bridges between neighbouring microtubules around the circumference of the axoneme. (10) The end tail of one molecule attaches to a microtubule, while its other end, the head of the molecule attaches to another m icrotubule. This promotes a sliding mechanism similar to that of actin in the migration of cells with lamellipodium protrusions. Bacteria and cilia also have flagella, made of flagellin and dynein. The bacterial flagellum has a similar structure to a microtubule in the way that it is a hollow, tube like shape. Ciliary beating can either propel single cells through a fluid or can move fluid over the surface of a group of cells in a tissue (11). The second is apparent in the human respiratory system, where ciliated respiratory epithelium cells in the trachea prevent any foreign, potentially harmful particles such as dust and bacteria in the air from entering the bronchioles and lungs. They do this by acting like tiny hairs and by beating the saliva containing the harmful particles back up the trachea to exit the nasal cavities by coughing. If the cilia are unable to beat, it causes problems such as Kartageners syndrome or primary ciliary dyskinesia. Although this syndrome is extremely rare, it is a genetic disorder, meaning it is hereditary. Due to the respiratory system having little to no defence against dust and pathogens which enter the nasal cavities and then travel down the trachea and bronchi, harmful particles may enter the lungs. This causes infection and disease of the lungs, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. In conclusion, the presence of cell migration mechanisms in organisms as small as bacteria to the large, multi cellular organisms such as humans is extremely vital to their individual survival. Without such an important ability, cells would not be able to detect or fight disease, from minor superficial impediments to very serious illnesses. Reproduction in humans would not be possible and bacteria would find it extremely difficult to invade host cells for reproduction. Without cell migration, the whole human immune system would not be able to function correctly. Although the movement of cells is quite complex, it is only the beginning of a massive sequence of mechanisms in which cells can communicate with each other to orchestrate the correct workings of the human body.

Free Hamlet Essays: Hamlet, Fortinbras and Leartes :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet, Fortinbras and Leartes Hamlet, Fortinbras and Leartes are all very different people with different lives, but as these men interact in the play we learn that there are many circumstances surrounding them that mysteriously connect them. All three of these characters had some reason to avenge some circumstance in their life, but they all had a very different way of conquering the object of their hatred. Fortinbras Fortinbras had levied an army to attack and conquer Denmark. Though son of the late King of Norway, the crown of Norway had gone to his uncle, just as the crown of Denmark had gone to Hamlet's uncle. This shows that in the world of the play it was not unusual for brothers to late kings to be elected to the throne over the pretensions of their younger nephews. But Fortinbras was not prepared to accept his constitutional dispossession so easily. If he had been deprived of the throne of his father, he would try to conquer a kingdom of his own in which, as he later tells Horatio, he has "some rights of memory." Fortinbras is not willing to put an end to his military adventures. Desiring to win honor through the sword, he cares not that the prize of his glory is worthless or that he will sacrifice thousands of lives and much wealth for this hollow victory. Like Hamlet, Sr., Fortinbras is an empire builder who desires only to fight for glory and so, in an ironic way, he is fitted by character to inherit the kingdom of Hamlet, Sr. Leartes Laertes is a young man whose good instincts have been somewhat obscured by the concern with superficial appearances which he has imbibed from his father, Polonius. Like his father, Laertes apparently preaches a morality he does not practice and fully believes in a double standard of behavior for the sexes. But if his father allows him these liberties, it is that he may better approximate the manner of a so - called gentleman. More concerned with the outward signs of gentility than with any inner refinement of spirit, Laertes has well observed his father's advice to be concerned with appearances since "the apparel oft proclaims the man." As unconcerned for the order of society as he is for his own salvation, he would rather "dare damnation" than leave his father's honor and his own besmirched. Though the sight of his sister's madness brings him to a moment of true grief, he is still primarily enraged by his father's "obscure funeral - / No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones, / No noble rite nor formal ostentation.

The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Reaction Paper

The Communist Manifesto   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The communist Manifesto is the author’s way of interpreting the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. Two major points of the manifesto explain how class relationships are defined by an era’s means of production. Also, the manifesto incorporates how class struggles, or exploitation of one class by another, are motivating force behind all historical developments. If those two points are not followed then a revolution occurs and a new class emerges as the ruling one. This outcome represents the ‘march of history’ which is driven by economic variables. The Manifesto argues that this development is inevitable, and the capitalism is inherently unstable. Elimination of social classes cannot come about through reforms or changes in g...

5 Ways of St. Thomas

First Way:Â  The Argument From Motion St. Thomas Aquinas, studying the works of the Greek philsopher Aristotle, concluded from common observation that an object that is in motion (e. g. the planets, a rolling stone) is put in motion by some other object or force. From this, Aquinas believes that ultimately there must have been an UNMOVED MOVER (GOD) who first put things in motion. Follow the agrument this way: 1) Nothing can move itself. 2) If every object in motion had a mover, then the first object in motion needed a mover. 3) This first mover is the Unmoved Mover, called God. Second Way:Â  Causation Of ExistenceThis Way deals with the issue of existence. Aquinas concluded that common sense observation tells us that no object creates itself. In other words, some previous object had to create it. Aquinas believed that ultimately there must have been an UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE (GOD) who began the chain of existence for all things. Follow the agrument this way: 1) There exists things t hat are caused (created) by other things. 2) Nothing can be the cause of itself (nothing can create itself. ) 3) There can not be an endless string of objects causing other objects to exist. 4) Therefore, ther must be an uncaused first cause called God.Third Way:Â  Contingent and Neccessary Objects This Way defines two types of objects in the universe: contingent beings and necessary beings. A contingent being is an object that can not exist without a necessary being causing its existence. Aquinas believed that the existence of contingent beings would ultimately neccesitate a being which must exist for all of the contingent beings to exist. This being, called a necessary being, is what we call God. Follow the argument this way: 1) Contingent beings are caused. 2) Not every being can be contingent. 3) There must exist a being which is necessary to cause contingent beings. ) This necessary being is God. Fourth Way:Â  The Agrument From Degrees And Perfection St. Thomas formulated thi s Way from a very interesting observation about the qualities of things. For example one may say that of two marble scultures one is more beautiful than the other. So for these two objects, one has a greater degree of beauty than the next. This is referred to as degrees or gradation of a quality. From this fact Aquinas concluded that for any given quality (e. g. goodness, beauty, knowledge) there must be an perfect standard by which all such qualities are measured. These perfections are contained in God.Fifth Way:Â  The Agrument From Intelligent Design The final Way that St. Thomas Aquinas speaks of has to do with the observable universe and the order of nature. Aquinas states that common sense tells us that the universe works in such a way, that one can conclude that is was designed by an intelligent designer, God. In other words, all physical laws and the order of nature and life were designed and ordered by God, the intellgent designer. A more complete explanation of St. Thomas' Fifth Way about God as Intelligent Designer can be seen on my web page dedicated to Paley's Teleological Argument.

Australian Aborigines †Short Essay Essay

The Australia Aborigine’s culture has always had my attention. From the places they lived to they way they where treated always amazed me. After reading about their rituals, social organization and settlement patterns for the textbook, they are a society of people who are all one. The type of kinship they practice is all is one. For example, if an outsider came to their tribe someone in the tribe would classify that outsider as their mother, and a name that is given to that tribe members real mother will be given to the outsider. According to Scheper-Hughes, N.in the 1993 article: Cephu’s choice: Is natural for human beings to want personal liberty? or is it a peculiarly western concern? some conclusions drawn from the indigenous cultures around the world. â€Å"Among Australian aborigines of the Western Desert, each new person comes into the world circumscribed by ancestral origin myths about ‘Dreamtime’ which structure the world and rigidly define the place of all aboriginal people within it. The myths determine each person’s position and the marriage strategies, kinship ties and friendship alliances that each must pursue in adherence to the sacred geography and its accompanying moral economy. ‘The Dreaming’, wrote William Stanner, ‘determines not only what life is, but also what it can be. Life, so to speak, is a one – possibility thing’. In this aboriginal society there is no sense of personal ‘agency’ fundamental to western notions of liberty and democracy. Nor is there any idea of an individual search for personal salvation which Christian missionaries have tried, but normally failed, to communicate. † The way Australia Aborigines use kinship affects the way they live, act and think. Since there system is â€Å"all is one† they live with the common understanding that they are all under one belief system. This can be compared to when someone in your family marries; the person they marry is now your family. This understanding creates a strong bond between people who are not technical blood related. The thought of people with such a bond helps in battles and growth within a society. In my own society the type of kinship seen in the aborigines can be seen with close family and friends. Our society tends to compare when we know the person or someone we trust knows the outside person. However, unlike the aborigines, our society has shown a way of turning away what is unfamiliar or unlike them. This brings a crack or weakness in our society because our bonds or circles are not as big because of it. I believe we can learn several things from foragers like the Australia Aborigines to make ourselves stronger. Reference: Scheper-Hughes, N. (1993, Cephu’s choice: Is natural for human beings to want personal liberty? or is it a peculiarly western concern? some conclusions drawn from the indigenous cultures around the world. New Internationalist, , 11-13. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/200094581? accountid=32521.

EASTERN FOODS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EASTERN FOODS - Essay Example This project aims at presenting an outline indicating the way forward for the eastern foods expansion plan in the United Kingdom. The concept of human resources is significant within any given business. It basically concerns the welfare of employees in the organization as well the manner the employees interact with one another towards the realization of the business’s goals. Various challenges are deemed to face the eastern foods business in line with the management of human resources. The issue of culture is an issue that presents challenges to many organizations. The human resource team of eastern foods will have to take the initiative of ensuring that diverse aspects within the organization are well controlled. Other critical challenges that the eastern foods will have to address in the management of human resources include; developing a plan for staff recruitment, ensuring coordination of staff, developing ways of training its employees and motivating them to work towards the targeted business goals. Accounting is another crucial feature of organizational structure that the company will have to address. ... Another very important challenge in line with accounting is financial reporting. This basically involves the presentation of financial reports such as financial statements at the end of a specified time. Financial reporting will pose a challenge to the business necessitating the need for the management team to ensure that it develops ways of fostering better ways of keeping records. Financial reports provide very crucial information in regards to the performance of the business hence they are used in facilitation of decision making process in the organization. These challenges shall aid in the developing of an organizational structure by the management on how to carry out financial management. Marketing relates to all activities that aid in creating awareness about a business and promoting sales. Marketers make a business and its products to be well known to customers. For the eastern foods business there are some challenges in line marketing that will assist the management team of e astern foods to have an idea on how to structure their marketing strategies they include; ensuring high customer service standard, ensuring that queries and complaints presented by customers are well handled and developing ways for the diversification of the business’s marketing campaigns (Pollan 2009, p.65). Another crucial challenge in line with marketing involves the issue of finances. Marketing activities especially when a new business is being developed in a hew region cost quite high. Operations management involves activities that involve dealing inventory issue in the business in this case the challenges related to operational management include; developing ways of order supplies, ensuring organization

Argumentation Based on Marx's Communist Manifesto Essay

Argumentation Based on Marx's Communist Manifesto - Essay Example Modern industrial society is typified by class struggle between those who own the factors of production and proletariat. However, the influence of capitalism has been on the decline and is ceasing to be compatible with this exploitive relationship. Therefore, those who provide labor will lead to a revolution. This revolution will be different from the previous one. This is because in this revolution the proletariat will have to destroy all ownership of private property. In turn, this will lead to a complete overhaul of the classes eventually disappearing. The manifesto argument is that this development is unstoppable, and capitalism will inherently collapse. As a result, the communist engages in promoting revolution, and this will ensure that those involved are able to move history towards its natural conclusion. They concur that the elimination of social classes cannot take through reforms or changes in government. They know that such fundamental changes can only take place through a revolution. The Communist Manifesto was a plan by Marx and Friedrich Engels. They argue that for changes to take place in both society and political institutions it must be driven by a process of universal struggle on parts of groups of people with similar economic fate in order to realize their material or economic interests (Marx-Engels Archive 1). These struggles as shown in the history have been struggles of economically inferior classes against economically dominant classes who are against their economic interests (Marx-Engels Archive 1). This process has shaped the currently industrialized world: the bourgeoisie in its struggle against the aristocratic class of feudal society (Marx-Engels Archive 1). This has been heightened through travel to different parts of the world, and the discovery of new products and goods that created rooms for commercial activities. This is because the bourgeoisie whose purpose is to accumulate managed to grow wealthier and became politically embo ldened against the feudal order. In fact, the bourgeoisie has uplifted their authority to a stable entity in the society and drives various sector of the economy in pursuit of their interests. The interest of accumulation by the merchants has assured them to overcome the globe. They have forced almost all to adopt the capitalist mode of production. On the other hand, the bourgeois has fundamentally altered all aspects of the society, even the families and hence substituted rural civilization with enormous cities. Through industrialization, the means of production and exchange that drives this process of expansion and change have resulted in a subordinate class whose fate is determined by the bourgeoisie (Marx-Engels Archive 1). This class is the proletariat, and they have been uprooted by capitalism and hence are forced to sell labor to the bourgeoisie. This offends them as they remember how before they possessed and sold what they produced (Marx-Engels Archive 1). They face exploit ation and are forced to compete with one another for forever-shrinking wages as a means of production becomes more complicated. However, the workers will become enlightened and unite to fight their common enemy: the bourgeoisie. Furthermore, they will cooperate with an increasing number of the middle class whose source of livelihoods keep on dwindling due to large factories owned by a shrinking number of superrich industries (Marx-Engels Archive 1). The bourgeoisie will eventually be the author of their own downfall.  

Zara Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Zara Company Analysis - Essay Example This marketing report presents a set for recommendations for the fashion retailer, Zara. These recommendations are based on the analysis of external and internal environment. The analysis of the external environment relies on theories such as the PESTLE Analysis and Porter’s Value Chain Analysis. The analysis of the internal environment relies on the analysis of the company using Resource/ Capabilities Analysis and Value Chain Analysis. Zara is a fashion retailer owned and operated by the Spanish company, Indetix Group. This fashion retailer has introduced a different strategy within the fashion market that goes against the existing strategies of the fashion industry (Anon, nd.). Despite this, or rather on account of this, the company has managed to record profitable growth since its inception. However, in order to pursue further growth, it is necessary to analyze the current strategy. ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT PESTEL Analysis PESTLE Analysis is a widely used analysis to understand the external environment of the company. It is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors that have an impact on the overall operations of the organization (Henry, 2008). Political Factors Since companies operate within a certain geographic boundary or boundaries, the government has an impact on the company. It impacts through the laws and restrictions placed on the companies. Since Zara operates mainly in Spain and the UK, which falls within the EU countries therefore the political landscape of this area should be understood. The EU is beneficial for the company as it has made the entire region work as a local market. This allows the company to get fair advantage in the entire EU market. Zara is also operating outside Spain and EU markets and in markets such as USA, Dubai and Singapore. In this regard, the company needs to ensure that such countries have friendly relations with the national base of the company which is Spain. Also such countries should have a politically stable government so that the company continues to enjoy friendly terms. Economic Factors In terms of the economic factors, companies all around the world have been seriously hit with the financial c risis that struck the entire world in 2009. This has hampered the buying power on the consumers and most

Proposed project plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposed project plan - Case Study Example Efforts must be made to increase the enrollment of patients under the existing safety net programs such as the community health centers, local health clinics and public hospitals as well as Medicaid. The Medicaid care should expand its outreach to include people with low incomes and provide 100% insurance coverage, or offer coordinated health care service in association with other managed care organizations. Effective insurance market reforms must be initiated to ensure development of independent / private plans which are independent from the government run health plans in a bid to offer a level playing field to the private insurance companies. The individuals must be empowered and given a say in choosing their health care plans, and voice their opinions on the issue of insurance coverage available to them. They should be enabled to choose their own health plans and health care providers and must be included to share costs to reduce the financing burden on the federal government agen cies. 2. Existing attempts, programs and interventions implemented by the health care organizations: The federal government established laws and introduced policies in order to ensure equitable access to health care

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final project - Essay Example Globalization requires varied expansion strategies like diversification, bifurcation, mergers, acquisition etc to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. The study will highlight the various factors that affect globalization and its effect on global economy. Factors like how globalization serves purposeful at organizational, reorganizational and integration of financial markets. The integration occurs at varied levels especially at industrial and financial markets. The author of the study will also highlight the various important components of globalization that binds the companies together for a unified purpose. The techniques of research methodology and the findings and analysis of the research methodology would be also included in the study. Finally, the study will conclude with recommendation that can improve the current situation that affects globalization. Background & Rationale for choosing the topic Globalization not only affects and benefits the national economy but also has positive effects on the regional development of the economy. Apart from economic integration free trade conditions (Wagner, 2002). Globalization compels the business organization to adapt to changing market dynamics based on ideological trends that help in the balance of the professional and personal goals of the employees of the organization. Various other factors like unemployment, parallel economic growth, cutting of costs, etc will be considered an important aspect of globalization are some of the major factors which have been considered while choosing the topic. Modernization and growing economy is also a significant contributor to development of the organization. The principal cause of the effects of globalization is that it helps in the modernization and growth of the economy, which is instrumental for understanding its impact on the business activities. This is one of the basic and rationale for choosing the topic for the author of the study, which helps in underst anding the effects and outcome of the globalization. Apart from the above mentioned components factors like deregulation also helps in liberalization of the capital account and also integration of wide range of financial services. Section 2 Literature Review Effects of Globalization Globalization has been regarded as a crucial component from the economic, monetary, socio economic aspects and implications of globalization (Rosnan, Ismail and Daud, 2010). In economics, globalization has played an important role for the development of the economy and has changed the scenario of the world economy. Different types of industries have benefitted importantly from globalization especially the creative industries, which have earned an estimated amount of $60 billion annually over the past few years. The increasing globalization has also impacted the creative, film, car manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries to a large extent for expanding on a larger scale. The globalization of the film industry has made it significant contributor to the world economy. Apart from strategy aspects monetary and exchange policy also helps in emphasis of the maintenance of the economic contention like trade off, credibility, increase in uncertainty etc. This also helps in increased competition among the organizational members. Globalization helps in shaping the social policy and the policy making procedure for the welfare of the organizati

Beauty of Women Essay Example for Free

Beauty of Women Essay Proposal: I have chosen to write about the comparison between the cultures that produced the Venus de Willendorf with the culture that produces the Barbie doll. While writing about the two cultures, I will describe some common themes the Paleolithic culture and the modern culture share; what our modern culture has adopted and those things it has rejected of which the Paleolithic culture held to high standards. Most important through my writing I will show you how much our world views have changed from the era of the Venus de Willendorf to the modern world view of what the ideal woman should look like and how the view of beauty should not be as superficial as the modern culture makes it out to be. Outline: 1. Intro a. â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder†, this saying can be proven by looking at the different cultures throughout the ages. Beauty of a woman is much more than what she looks like, it is also what a woman’s body can produce and withstand, what is within her. Past cultures show us something that our modern culture tends to forget; that beauty of a woman is more than what she may look like, a woman’s beauty is something that should be adorned. 2. Body b. Common themes between the Paleolithic culture’s views on beauty vs. the modern world’s view i. One common theme on the view of beauty between the Paleolithic culture and the modern world is that both cultures worship a woman’s beauty; each in their own way. c. Some differences between the view of beauty between the Paleolithic culture and modern culture. ii. The most obvious difference between the two cultures is the size/shape of a woman. In the Paleolithic culture an ideal woman’s shape is volumpsous, full figured; but in the modern culture, the ideal woman’s shape is thin with large breast and well preserved. d. How the view of a woman’s beauty has changed between the Paleolithic culture and modern culture iii. Beauty in the Paleolithic culture largely revolved around reproduction, sustaining life; while beauty in the modern world is about preserving, extending life. e. Conclusion iv. Throughout the ages and the different cultures the regard for a woman’s beauty has changed in some ways, but has stayed the same in others. No matter what the beholder believes beauty to be, the one constant of a woman’s beauty in all cultures and throughout time is that it can be a very powerful thing.

Wrinkles and Anti-Ageing Cream Discussion

Wrinkles and Anti-Ageing Cream Discussion Wrinkles are a part of life and they are an indication of old age. With this comes the fact that we all want to remain wrinkle free all our lives and for that we turn to many creams and medical procedures including surgery and botox. The usage of anti-ageing creams is a necessity as it can do wonders to the skin. Unfortunately, we are still unaware of many aspects on how we can stay beautiful and young hence, we turn to cosmetic creams after the occurrence of wrinkles and various skin pigmentations, especially women, can go to any heights to achieve that smooth flawless skin. Scientists have long been exploring the myth fountain of youth, trying to uncover the secret to anti-ageing and some years ago their diligent search yielded a major discovery Retinol; a highly effective form of Vitamin A. It plays an important role in anti-ageing skin care and is the purest and most active form of Vitamin A, as it aids in the resurfacing and rejuvenating of the skin and helps to impart a clearer, more vibrant complexion for all ages and skin types. As one gets older, the skin gradually worsens as stratum corneum (the layer of dead skin cells on the outermost layer of the skin that helps protect the deeper layers of the skin) begin to rub away. Also, the basal layer filled with collagen to protect the skin and elastin starts to fade. Retinol works by penetrating deep into the skin where collagen and elastin reside, as it stimulates more collagen production allowing the skin to repair and renew itself at a much faster rate. With this fact we also need to be aware that just because a cream contains retinol doesnt mean it will get rid of your wrinkles. You need a high level of retinol and a good delivery system so the retinol stays effective in the bottle and penetrates deep into your skin when you use it. For this particular cause and to raise awareness of how the skin can be nourished one of Pakistans leading dermatologists Dr. Fazeela Abbasi, conducted a beauty workshop recently where the topic of wrinkles was discussed in detail. Dr. Fazeela is an icon in the field of skin care and cosmetic procedures and is also an advisor/consultant in the Federal Ministry of Health. According to her the problem of ageing is solvable and the ingredient retinol is an important element. You! talks to her to find out more information on the cause of wrinkles and how they can be prevented: You! How wrinkles are formed? Dr Fazeela: Our skin resurfaces the basal layer of skin making new cells and sends them to the upper layers from where the skin cells get sloughed off in about 3 to 5 weeks. As we age the skin resurfacing process slows down, piling up the dead skin surface causing dullness and slowing the skin renewal mechanism, giving rise to wrinkles. You! How to slow down ageing and keep a younger looking skin? Dr F: Ageing is an inevitable process but could certainly be delayed. The first thing to do is to change your lifestyle to a healthy pattern. A healthy lifestyle focuses on a balanced diet including giving up bad habits like smoking, attaining proper sleep, appropriate workouts and a skin compatible regimen where strong sun exposures are avoided and proper anti-ageing creams are used in the right way. You! What is a proper anti-ageing cream? Dr F: The best anti-ageing ingredient is vitamin A derivative commonly known as retinol. So any cream having retinol is a proper anti-ageing cream. You! How long retinol needs to be used to get a significant impact? Dr F: You can see visible results in 4-6 weeks. You! If retinol is that good, is there anything we should be aware of? Dr F: The truth is that the quantities needed for retinol to exert a significant impact are very high i.e. 0.7%. It hence gets very expensive plus requires a dermatologists prescription as potent content levels as skin irritation could be a side effect. Though products with higher concentrations do exist but many do not deliver the purported benefits for a number of reasons. Furthermore, conversion rates of various forms of vitamin A to retinoic acid vary among individuals the same concentration may yield visible benefits in some people and little or none in others.

The Cause Of Being Unhappy :: essays research papers

People sometimes become unhappy. Although I spend pleasant time with my host family and friends, I also have something that makes angry, disappoint, and sad. There are three major causes which make people unhappy; the violation of their privacy, failure, and sickness. First of all, people become unhappy when their privacy is violated. It is very important for people to have their own privacy, so when it is intruded by others, they feel very uncomfortable and irritated. I have an experience that I was very angry and unhappy because of the violation of my privacy by one of my friends. One day, she visited me when I was out. There was a misunderstanding between her and me. I thought the promise was canceled, but she thought it still stood. She told my hot mother that she wanted wait for me in my room, and she entered my room and played my CD player while I had gone. I got very angry and uncomfortable, because she intruded my private space without asking me. People become very unhappy by the violation of their privacy. Secondly, when people fail to do something, they feel unhappy. Although it is meaningful for them, people are disappointed at their own helplessness and inability when they have a failure. For example, the other day, I tried to change my phone service because my bill was expensive. I called my telephone company and explain what I wanted to do. However, the staff of the company said, ?gI don?ft understand what you are talking about.?h After all, I could not make a change of my service, because I could not speak English very well. I was very disappointed at my poor English. When people fail to do something, they are discouraged at themselves. Finally, people feel unhappy because of disease. When people are sick, they always become unhappy. A week ago, I caught a bad cold. Suddenly, I had fever at night, and I took a

On The Beach At Night Alone By Walt Whitman :: essays research papers

In â€Å"On the Beach at Night Alone,† Walt Whitman develops the idea that everyone has a connection with everything else, including nature. Whitman uses a variety of writing techniques to get his point across. First, the repetition and parallel structure that his poems contain reinforce the connection between everything in nature. The usage of â€Å"All† 11 times emphasizes the inclusion of everything in the universe. The sentence structure remains the same throughout the poem, without any drastic change; however, the length of the lines in the poem vary. In addition, Whitman’s’ extravagance with his words further illustrates his idea of the Over-Soul. For example, â€Å"A vast similitude interlocks all† (4) shows his verbose nature. Whitman does not do directly to the point, but gives every little detail. Most importantly, Whitman’s’ use of catalogues stands as the most recognizable Whitman characteristic that illustrates his beliefs . These long lists that he uses set the mood of the poem. â€Å"All spheres, grown, ungrown, small, large, suns, moons, planets,† (5) shows the idea that everything is connected in nature. Similarly, â€Å"All nations, colors, barbarisms, civilizations languages.† (10) furthermore emphasize Whitman’s belief in the Over-Soul. Although Whitman uses a great deal of structural ways to stress his ideas, he also uses many other ways of delivering his ideas. First of all, Whitman portrays himself as a public spokesman of the masses. The tone of the poem is a very loud, informative tone that grabs ones attention. The emphasis placed on the word â€Å"all† adds to the characterization of Whitman as a powerful speaker. Furthermore, Whitman takes part in his own poem. Participating in his own poem, Whitman moreover illustrates the connection between everything in life. Lastly, Whitman, most of all, celebrates universal brotherhood and democracy.

Importance of Books in Individual Life Essay

There is a well-defined comfort for those who visit book stores and libraries. The books are there like faithful friends waiting to be called upon, read, valued, and appreciated. Let us not also forget, however, the joy and anticipation when visiting used book stores. They are everywhere, and they all tell a story; but not only from within the pages. They have a history; they came from somewhere; they are going somewhere. If everyone who ever had possession of any given book had written their name, the city or town in which they obtained the book, the purchase price, and the date thereof, consider what an incredible account would exist about the adventures of just one book. To realize that a book may have traveled through numerous hands and a century of time is a fascinating and exciting concept. Just imagine the many lives it may have touched. With the pages perhaps yellowed, thick and dusty, or thin and delicate, the word is still alive and just as profound and beautiful as it was when it was created so long ago. Whether fictional or nonfictional, there can be derived a value, relevancy, and importance to the book. For example, consider a book written in 1918 on the history of Poland. Much could be learned about the country and the author’s perspective. But also consider what the author could not have known about the country’s future at the time of writing. It is a study in itself. It not only gives a story of Poland but an idea of how much things have changed since the book’s publication. Nothing can or should replace the book; not the internet or any other popular electronic devices. Consider the rudimentary and necessary efforts involved in the editing and critiquing of a book before it goes into print. Can the same be said for the deluge of information available on the World Wide Web on any given topic? Is the information being scrutinized to assure accuracy or grammatical correctness? Is too much being placed on the web that will only create more confusion and misinformation on any given topic? Appreciate the physical aspects. Turning the page of a book does less damage to the wrist than dragging and clicking. If a book is read through an electronic device, there is the memory of it, but not a physical reminder. For example, there is no book to place on a shelf, nothing to return to the library, or no book to pass on to a used book store. There is an undeniable feel to a book, to its texture, to an interesting cover and enticing title that invites the reader to open it. There is a sense of accomplishment as the reader makes his or her way, page after page and chapter after chapter. And at book’s end the reader will recall the intrigue, joy, and passion for beloved characters, their story, and a conclusion that may hone the reflective nature and spur the reader to seek more of the same. Books are as important now as they were during the dark ages when all stories of experiences and places would have been lost had it not been for the dedicated and devoted people who penned them onto parchment or labored over a manual typewriter.